甲状腺机能亢进症病因和发病机理简介

        Hyperthyroidism hyperthyroidism abbreviation, means the multiple causes of thyroid function is enhanced, the secretion of the thyroid hormone ( T H ) too much, cause a nervous, circulation and digestive system excitability and hypermetabolism as the main manifestation of the clinical syndrome. Hyperthyroidism hyperthyroidism usually refers to diffuse toxic goiter, clinically the most common. The etiology and pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated, there are two doctrines:①thyrotropin secreting pituitary adenomas over doctrine, that the disease is the pituitary TSH secretion caused by too much, but through the determination of blood in patients with thyroid stimulating hormone low, 杭州看甲状腺哪里好 thyrotropin releasing excitatory test no reaction can occur, pituitary gland hyperthyroidism and other facts negate the traditional doctrine. The immunity theory that thyrotoxicosis is an autoimmune disease, modern research shows: the disease is in a genetic basis, due to infection, trauma and stress factors and induced, which belongs to the suppression of T lymphocyte function caused by the defect of an organ specific autoimmune disease, and autoimmune thyroiditis autoimmune equal genus thyroid disease. There have been 204 cases of this disease survey, 60% of the patients have a family quality tendency. The body's immune system, including the cellular immunity and humoral immunity, it is because of these immune system exists, can protect the body from the nature of various damaging factors. Autoimmune organism on their tissue constituents or bacterial antigen loss of immune tolerance, leading to immune effector cells or the generation of autoantibodies, and causing the damage process. Autoimmunity in many cases is physiology sex, in addition to defense nature damage, and the internal surveillance function, can protect the normal tissue cells, the removal of aging and mutant cells, when the autoimmune reaction than the physiological limits or continue for a long time, resulting in autoimmune tissue damage and dysfunction as a result of disease, then known autoimmune diseases. This disease there is a genus of systemic, others only relates to certain organs, while the latter hyperthyroidism -- organ specific autoimmune disease.杭州看甲状腺那个医院好 [ etiology: (1 ) thyroid hyperthyroidism, divide again for: diffuse toxic goiter ( Graves disease ); multiple nodular goiter with a high functioning thyroid nodules; autonomy; thyroid cancer ( follicular thyroid carcinoma ); neonatal thyrotoxicosis hyperthyroidism; iodine; < BR> ( 2) the pituitary gland hyperthyroidism, divide again for : pituitary adenoma ( TSH tumor ) induced thyrotoxicosis; non pituitary tumor induced thyrotoxicosis ( pituitary TH resistance ); < BR> ( 3) the patients with tumor of hyperthyroidism, divide again for: chorionic epithelium carcinoma complicated with hyperthyroidism; hydatidiform mole with hyperthyroidism; lung cancer, digestive system ( stomach, colon, pancreatic cancer complicated by hyperthyroidism ); ( 4) ovarian goiter with hyperthyroidism ( 5) thyroiditis hyperthyroidism, divide again for: subacute thyroiditis; Hashimoto's thyroiditis; radiation thyroiditis; ( 6) drug induced hyperthyroidism in various causes of hyperthyroidism, with diffuse toxic thyroid spleen was the most common. [ ]:杭州看甲状腺那里好 symptoms due to thyroid hormone excess, acting on various body organs, resulting in symptoms varied. Hyperthyroidism is more common in women, the ratio of male to female is 1 ∶4～ 1∶ 6, age groups can be onset, with 20 ～40 to see. Onset is generally slow, and cannot be determined in most of time, a few mental irritation or infection after disease, the clinical manifestations varying it. Typical performance, high metabolic syndrome, goiter and eye syndrome three aspects are obvious, but if the illness lighter can be confused with neurosis, some patients can be a certain ( some ) specific symptoms such as exophthalmos, cachexia or myopathy as the main performance. The elderly and children patients with atypical manifestations. In recent years, because of the diagnostic level increases gradually, mild and atypical patients found to have been increasing. Typical cases are often the following expression: ( 1) high metabolic syndrome: the patient can be expressed as heat sweating, skin, hands, face, neck, axillae hyperhidrosis skin ruddy. Often have low heat, serious when can appear fever. Patients often have a heartbeat tachycardia, heart palpitations, appetite hyperfunction significantly, but the weight loss, fatigue weakness. ( 2) goiter: many patients with thyroid enlargement as the chief complaint, diffuse symmetrical enlargement, soft, swallowing moves up and down. A minority of patients with thyroid enlargement asymmetric, or swelling is not obvious. ( 3) eye syndrome: eye syndrome are the following:①palpebral fissures broadening, little wink and gaze; the eye inner polymerization difficulties or poor;③eye look down, upper eyelid retraction and not follow because of eye drops; the eye to see, not wrinkled forehead skin. ( 3) nervous system: Neuroticism, nervousness, irritability much tension, insomnia, many words hyperactivity, sometimes not in the mind, but occasionally looked indifferent, quiet depression. ( 4) the cardiovascular system: due to metabolic hyperactivity, causing the heart rate, heart stroke volume increased, blood circulation accelerates, pulse pressure increase, the majority of patients with palpitations, chest tightness, speak shortness of breath, activities after the increase, there may be various beats and atrial fibrillation. ( 5) the digestive system: hyperthyroidism appetite, but significant weight loss is a hallmark of this disease. Two concomitant, is suggestive of the disease or diabetes may. The disease cause of diarrhea is caused by eating more easily, and hunger, coupled with excessive secretion of thyroxine, excited gastrointestinal smooth muscle motility to make faster, causing indigestion, stool frequency. In general the stool was paste, containing more not digest food, 杭州看甲状腺哪里最好 sometimes accompanied by fat digestion and absorption in steatorrhea. Due to malabsorption of nutrients and hormones directly, the liver can be slightly larger, liver function is normal, a few may have jaundice and vitamin B deficiency symptoms. Hyperthyroidism caused by mild diarrhea are relatively common, but usually not associated with spastic abdominal pain, food digestion and no obvious obstacles, only individual cases to more severe diarrhea as the chief complaint, then, hyperthyroidism common symptoms and signs can not obviously, the patient may manifest as hypoesthesia type of hyperthyroidism, height tired and weak, sometimes without apparent thyroid enlargement, can result in missed diagnosis. The patient is very similar to advanced cancer or other causes of cachexia, if not timely diagnosis and treatment, prognosis. This disease should be attributed to the traditional Chinese medicine " gall " category, its causes is first of all the patients in ferrite of yin deficiency, kidney-yin deficiency, water does not contain wood, loss and liver yin. On this basis, complex was emotional disorders, trauma. " Further from the source and gall. " said: " gall, worry, born by gas ". Description of Chinese early to recognize the emotional and mental factors on the occurrence of the effect of hyperthyroidism. Emotional depression, liver failure, qi depression transforming into fire, if the original Constitution on liver and kidney yin deficiency, is easier to refine the liquid into the sputum, stasis on main and collateral channels, under which gall. Chinese medicine believe that, because of the seven fail, liver-qi stagnation, qi depression transforming into fire, upside on the head, so the hyperthyroid patients irritability, red, 杭州看甲状腺什么医院最好 red eye, mouth, throat, be dizzy; liver depression transforming into fire, burnable stomach yin, stomach fire flaming, therefore eliminating grain gluttony; temper weak, operation right, the weight loss and weakness of stagnation of Liver-qi; effects of red veins, therefore, irregular menstruation, amenorrhea; the less, kidney-yin deficiency, hyperactivity of ministerial fire, then man spermatorrhea, impotence; kidney yin deficiency, water does not contain wood, then the hyperactivity of liver Yang, hand tremor of tongue; heart and kidney deficiency, the palpitation, heart palpitations, insomnia and dreaminess, much sweat; Yin heat, I am afraid of hot, red tongue, pulse counting. Patients with Yin deficiency in ferrite, qi stagnation, is easy to fire, burnable Yin blood. In conclusion,杭州看甲状腺医院 patients with qi depression transforming into fire, mixing liquid for phlegm, phlegm qi4 cross resistance to anterior cervical, is sent to gall swelling; phlegm qi4 condensed into the eyes, then the exophthalmos.